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constrictor knot
The constrictor knot is one of the most effective binding knots.〔Clifford W. Ashley, ''The Ashley Book of Knots'' (New York: Doubleday, 1944), 224-225.〕〔Brion Toss, ''The Complete Rigger's Apprentice'' (Camden, Maine: International Marine, 1998), 10-13.〕〔Geoffrey Budworth, ''The Complete Book of Knots'' (London: Octopus, 1997), 136-139.〕〔 Simple and secure, it is a harsh knot that can be difficult or impossible to untie once tightened. It is made similarly to a clove hitch but with one end passed under the other, forming an overhand knot under a riding turn. The double constrictor knot is an even more robust variation that features two riding turns.
==History==
First called "constrictor knot" in Clifford Ashley's 1944 work ''The Ashley Book of Knots'', this knot likely dates back much further.〔Cyrus Lawrence Day, ''The Art of Knotting and Splicing, 4th ed.'' (Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 1986), 112.〕 Although Ashley seemed to imply that he had invented the constrictor knot over 25 years before publishing ''The Ashley Book of Knots'',〔 research indicates that he was not its originator. Ashley's publication of the knot did bring it to wider attention.〔Cyrus Lawrence Day, ''Quipus and Witches' Knots'' (Lawrence: The University of Kansas Press, 1967), 110-111.〕
Although the description is not entirely without ambiguity, the constrictor knot is thought to have appeared under the name "gunner's knot" in the 1866 work ''The Book of Knots'', written under the pseudonym Tom Bowling.〔The name "Tom Bowling" was widely associated with nautical themes, see The Adventures of Roderick Random and Charles Dibdin. ''The Book of Knots'' is most often attributed to Paul Rapsey Hodge or Frederick Chamier. For additional discussion see Ashley(1944), p. 11.〕 in relation to the clove hitch, which he illustrated and called the "builder's knot". He wrote, "The Gunner's knot (of which we do not give a diagram) only differs from the builder's knot, by the ends of the cords being simply knotted before being brought from under the loop which crosses them."〔,〕 Oddly, when J. T. Burgess copied from Bowling, he changed this text to merely state "when the ends are knotted, the builder's knot becomes the gunner's Knot."〔Joseph Tom Burgess, ''Knots, Ties, and Splices'' (London: George Routledge & Sons, 1884), viii, 101.〕 Although this clove hitch with knotted ends ''is'' a workable binding knot,〔A clove hitch finished with a full reef knot is still used for securing cabling in aerospace applications. See Cable lacing#Styles.〕 Burgess was not actually describing the constrictor knot. In 1917, A. Hyatt Verrill illustrated Burgess' clove hitch variation in ''Knots, Splices and Rope Work''.〔A. Hyatt Verrill, ''Knots, Splices and Rope Work, Third Revised Edition'' (New York: Norman W. Henly Publishing Co., 1917; 2006 Dover republication), 33-35. ((second revised edition online ))〕
The constrictor knot was clearly described but not pictured as the "timmerknut" ("timber knot") in the 1916 Swedish book ''Om Knutar'' ("On Knots") by Hjalmar Öhrvall.〔Hjalmar Öhrvall, ''Om Knutar'', Second edition, (Stockholm: Albert Bonniers Förlag, 1916), 78.((Online version ))〕 Finnish scout leader Martta Ropponen presented the knot in her 1931 scouting handbook ''Solmukirja'' ("Knot Book"),〔Martta E. Ropponen, Kaarina Westling illustrator, ''Solmukirja'', Suomen Partioliiton Kirjasia N:4 (Porvoo, Finland: WSOY, 1931), 58-59.〕 the first published work known to contain an illustration of the constrictor knot.〔 Cyrus L. Day relates that, "she had never seen it in Finland, she wrote to me in 1954, but had learned about it from a Spaniard named Raphael Gaston, who called it a whip knot, and told her it was used in the mountains of Spain by muleteers and herdsmen."〔 The Finnish name "ruoskasolmu" ("whip knot") was a translation from Esperanto, the language Ropponen used to correspond with Gaston.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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